The Challenge
Governments – as investors, issuers, regulators, procurers, and owners – are under growing pressure to become more sustainable financial entities.
Legal and accounting standards are evolving to require disclosure of climate and other sustainability risks, as well as evidence of feasible action to support targets and commitments. These have traditionally been geared towards the private sector but, more recently, there has been an increasing focus on governments and the public sector reporting.
Stakeholders such as investors, rating agencies and communities increasingly expect a consistent whole-of-government approach to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks and opportunities.

Policy Insights Paper
Sovereign Sustainability Reporting – NSW and Beyond
Collaboration
Dr Angela Cummine joined the Institute as a Senior Policy Fellow from July-August 2022 to research whether and how governments should be disclosing their sustainability impact. Dr Cummine undertook the research at the Institute while on temporary leave from her role as Director of Sustainable Finance at NSW Treasury.
As part of the fellowship, Dr Cummine consulted a range of senior executives from NSW government agencies, as well as peer government officials, standard setters, and researchers in sustainability.
After the publication of her Policy Insights Paper in January 2022, the key themes were discussed at an interactive panel event at the University of Sydney, which brought together 50 experts from governments, financial Institutions, peak bodies, think tanks and universities.
In a nutshell
19
Experts consulted
5
Recommendations
12
Jurisdictions compared
50
Launch event attendees
"The Policy Fellowship program allows public servants to combine practitioner expertise with sustained research to advance policy innovation and enhance public sector capability in NSW."
Dr Angela Cummine, inaugural Senior Policy Fellow
Solutions
The results of the research were presented in a Policy Insights Paper Sovereign sustainability reporting – New South Wales and beyond which made five recommendations:
Timely reporting & disclosure
NSW Government should not delay whole-of-government sustainability reporting and disclosure while international and domestic sustainability reporting guidance is being finalized and implemented.
Whole-of-government sustainability reporting
NSW Treasury should produce a whole-of-government sustainability report, targeting financial market stakeholders (using the ISSB-aligned template in the report’s Annex A).
Sequenced approach to reporting & disclosure
NSW government should adopt a sequenced approach to sustainability reporting and disclosure, growing capability and stakeholder reach over time, while acknowledging the interconnected nature of sustainability matters.
Leadership
NSW government should show leadership and sustainability reporting by adopting a double-materiality approach.
Annual reporting
NSW government should release its sustainability report with the State of the Finances report, but separate from Budget and Half Year reporting, to minimise politicisation risk.
How we are creating change
Dr Cummine’s fellowship and Policy Insights Paper has already had significant positive impact. The insights have informed relevant briefing notes and advice within NSW Treasury and provided practical ideas for how whole-of-government sovereign sustainability reporting could be framed.
This has prompted broader discussion within government agencies as well as across peer jurisdictions on the role, content, scope and value of these reports.
It also contributed to building internal knowledge in core teams across the sector that are responsible for reporting or disclosure. Through its method, the report encouraged those teams to adopt a comparative and international best practice approach.
Tracking progress
4 May 2023
Sustainability
Government sustainability reporting: Institute gathers experts to discuss new report by Senior Policy Fellow from NSW Treasury